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Rh Genotyping

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8. Rh Genotyping

An individual’s Rh genotype is determined by testing his red cells with five available anti-Rh antisera namely anti-D, anti-C, anti-E, anti-c and anti-e. A probable genotype can be derived from the known gene frequencies in the population.

The method of testing is the same as mentioned for typing of Rh (D) antigen.

Simplified nomenclature for Rh genotyping

Rh (D) Positive		Rh(D) Negative
Ri	CDe	R’	Cde
R2	cDE	f”	cdE
Ro	cDe	r	cde
Rz	CDE	ry	CdE

Example

Rh phenotype : CcDe

Rh genotype CDe/cde or Ri r

(probable) CDe/cDe or Ri Ro

Examples of Th phenotype and probable genotype

Anti -D	Anti -C	Anti -E	Anti -c	Anti -e	Phenotype	Probable genotype	Other possible genotype
+	+	-	+	+	CCDee	R1R1	R1r
+	-	+	+	-	ccDEE	R2R2	R2r1
-	+	-	+	+	Ccee	Rr	none
+	+	+	+	+	CcDEe	R1R2	many

Indications for Rh genotyping

Tests for other Rh antigens i.e Rh genotyping is usually done only in specific conditions:

a. to obtain compatible blood for patient with unexpected antibody.

b. for identification of unexpected antibodies

c. investigation of disputed paternity

d. family studies

e. selection of a panel of donors having desired antigens, to know whether homozygous or heterozygous

f. testing in Rh (D) -ye patients to prevent immunization due to other antigens.

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