Red Cell Serology Introduction
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1. Red Cell Serology Introduction
Red cell serological reactions form the basis of laboratory testing in a blood transfusion service. Antigen-antibody reactions in blood group serology are usually detected by
- Haemagglutination
- Complement fixation
- Neutralization
- Absorption and Elution
- Precipitation
An error in ABO or Rh grouping of a patient or a crossmatch incompatibility, can have the most serious effects on the patient and may even be fatal. It is therefore essential to perform all the technical procedures very carefully and precisely.
In addition, it is very important to use recommended controls with each serological technique used. Reagents can deteriorate due to improper storage or contamination and such errors can only be detected by correct application of controls for that reagent.
The various basic serology techniques used in a blood transfusion laboratory are
- ABO grouping
- Rh grouping
- Antiglobulin testing
- Antibody detection and identification
- Pretransfusion testing
- Specialized serology procedures
- Antibody titration
- Saliva testing for A,B and H substance
- Preparation and use of lectins
- Preparation and use of enzymes
- Preparation and use of LISS
- Investigation of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
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